Textile Origin

Objects of combing

The following are the objects of combing –

To remove the fibre shorter than a predetermined length so as to enable the spinner to produce finer yarn than that can be spun from the same carded fibber (Sliver).
To remove remaining impurities in pre-comber lap (such as trashes, dirt and dust etc.) this helps in producing clear yarn.
To remove neps in the carded fibres (nep is the small knots of entangled fibre).
To make the fibre more parallel and straight so that the yarn becomes more even and luster.
To produce a uniform sliver of required weight per unit length and collect it into a can.

Different combing machines name

Heilman Comber U.K
Nasmith Comber U.K
Hartfort Comber U.K
New model Nasmith Comber U.K
The Rieter Comber, model E₇
Bettoni Comber, Model F.B 8/2, Italy
Ingolstadt, W. Germany
Hartford Comber, Platt brothers (England)
Duplex S.A.GM (French)
Saco-Lowell U.S.A
Textima Comber, E. Germany
Whitin, Super J, U.S.A
Japanee Combers

The difficulties to comb card sliver

In card sliver the fibres are oriented in all directions, the fibres are not straight and there are leading, tailing, and both end hooked fibres. If the hooked fibres are used in comber, the comber needle catches the hooked fibres and breakage occurs. Thus increase the waste percentage.

Longer fibre for irregular alignment may go with the wastage. In the same way, hooked and crimped fibres may also go with the waste. Moreover, hooked, crimped and oriented fibres may create irregularity in the sliver.

Necessity of Combing

Combing is necessary for quality product. The essential requirement to produce quality yarn are-

Clean fibre i.e. free from impurities.
Uniformity in length of fibre.
Absence of neps.
Absence of short fibres.
More parallel alignment of fibres and
Straight fibres.

The above quality of fibres can only be obtained by combing. In combing process short fibres, neps and trash content are removed by cylinder comb, and top comb. Here the fibre also become straight and parallel to some extent. Further parallelization of the fibres is achieved by the machine. So, combing is essential for quality products.

Objects and operations of ring frame

Objects of Ring Frame

To draft the roving fed to the ring spinning frame from the speed frame bobbin.
To insert the necessary amount of twist or turns per unit length.
To wind the twisted thread or yarn on to a cylindrical bobbin or tube.

Operations involved in the ring spinning frame

The following operations involved in the ring spinning frame –

Drafting: To reduce the wt/yd of the roving being fed to ring frame.

Twisting: Spiraling of the fibres around each other about the vertical axis of the strand so as to build them together to impart sufficient strain to enable it to build up in the form of a suitable package convenient to handle from ring section to the reeling winding section.

Laying out: To put the coils of yarn on the bobbin in regular arrangement.

Winding: To put the successive layers of the yarn on the yarn bobbin at the proper rate of speed.

Building: Gradual lifting of the bobbin rail or shortening of the lift (depending upon the type of building desired) to make conical ends of the full bobbin.

The required characteristics of a yarn produced by the ring frame

The yarn produced by the ring spinning frame should have the following characteristics –

Uniform diameter and cross-section throughout.
Uniform weight per unit length.
Free from any stain and foreign impurities.
Uniform twist and tensile strength.
Satisfactory pliability and elasticity for the subsequent operations in weaving, knitting, finishing etc.

Objects and Necessity of Combing